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		<id>http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles</id>
		<title>Wikipedia - Scientific articles - Cronologia</title>
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		<updated>2026-06-09T17:39:06Z</updated>
		<subtitle>Cronologia della pagina su questo sito</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=5539&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Christian: Harvard Business School, dicembre 2006</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=5539&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-03-24T11:16:06Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Harvard Business School, dicembre 2006&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'&gt;
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				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='it'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Versione meno recente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Versione delle 11:16, 24 mar 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot; &gt;Riga 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Riga 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==2004==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==2004==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Nikolaos Th. Korfiatis; Marios Poulos and George Bokos|title=Evaluating authoritative sources using social networks: an insight from Wikipedia|publisher=OIR|date=March 2006|year=|month=|volume=30|issue=3|page=252|pages=11}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Nikolaos Th. Korfiatis; Marios Poulos and George Bokos|title=Evaluating authoritative sources using social networks: an insight from Wikipedia|publisher=OIR|date=March 2006|year=|month=|volume=30|issue=3|page=252|pages=11}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==2006==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===Harvard Business School, dicembre 2006===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; KARIM R. LAKHANI, ANDREW P. MCAFEE, Case study della Harvard Business School, dicembre 2006.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:Sembra da approfondire! --[[User:Christian|Christian]] ([[User talk:Christian|discussione]]) 12:15, 24 mar 2009 (CET)&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==2007==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==2007==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Christian</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=5271&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Christian: Biblioteche oggi, gennaio-febbraio 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=5271&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-03-09T14:57:44Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Biblioteche oggi, gennaio-febbraio 2009&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Versione meno recente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Versione delle 14:57, 9 mar 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l114&quot; &gt;Riga 114:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Riga 114:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Giampiccolo, Danilo; Forner, Pamela; Herrera, Jesus; Penas, Anselmo; Ayache, Christelle; Forascu, Corina; Jijkoun, Valentin; Osenova, Petya; Rocha, Paulo; Sacaleanu, Bogdan; Sutcliffe, Richard|title=Overview of the CLEF 2007 Multilingual Question Answering Track|publisher=ADVANCES IN MULTILINGUAL AND MULTIMODAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL|date=SEP 19-21, 2007|year=2008|month=0|volume=5152|issue=0|page=200|pages=37}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Giampiccolo, Danilo; Forner, Pamela; Herrera, Jesus; Penas, Anselmo; Ayache, Christelle; Forascu, Corina; Jijkoun, Valentin; Osenova, Petya; Rocha, Paulo; Sacaleanu, Bogdan; Sutcliffe, Richard|title=Overview of the CLEF 2007 Multilingual Question Answering Track|publisher=ADVANCES IN MULTILINGUAL AND MULTIMODAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL|date=SEP 19-21, 2007|year=2008|month=0|volume=5152|issue=0|page=200|pages=37}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:The fifth QA campaign at CLEF [1], having its first edition in 2003, offered not only a main task but an Answer Validation Exercise (AVE) [2], which continued last year's pilot, and a new pilot: the Question Answering on Speech Transcripts (QAST) [3, 15]. The main task was characterized by the focus on cross-linguality, while covering as many European languages as possible. As novelty, some QA pairs were grouped in clusters. Every cluster was characterized by a topic (not given to participants). The questions from a cluster possibly contain co-references between one of them and the others. Finally, the need for searching answers in web formats was satisfied by introducing Wikipedia(1) as document corpus. The results and the analyses reported by the participants suggest that the introduction of Wikipedia and the topic related questions led to a drop in systems' performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:The fifth QA campaign at CLEF [1], having its first edition in 2003, offered not only a main task but an Answer Validation Exercise (AVE) [2], which continued last year's pilot, and a new pilot: the Question Answering on Speech Transcripts (QAST) [3, 15]. The main task was characterized by the focus on cross-linguality, while covering as many European languages as possible. As novelty, some QA pairs were grouped in clusters. Every cluster was characterized by a topic (not given to participants). The questions from a cluster possibly contain co-references between one of them and the others. Finally, the need for searching answers in web formats was satisfied by introducing Wikipedia(1) as document corpus. The results and the analyses reported by the participants suggest that the introduction of Wikipedia and the topic related questions led to a drop in systems' performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==2009==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===Biblioteche oggi, gennaio-febbraio 2009===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; Biblioteche oggi, gennaio-febbraio 2009, pp. 15-22, Nuove tendenze: ''[http://www.bibliotecheoggi.it/content/20090101501.pdf Spiacenti, la conoscenza enciclopedica si è trasferita online]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:Wikipedia e le altre: un fenomeno in rapida espansione destinato a determinare cambiamenti di portata epocale'', di Fabio Metitieri (una fonte citabile).&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===[http://www.eupjournals.com/toc/epi/6/1?cookieSet=1# Episteme, feb. 2009]===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===[http://www.eupjournals.com/toc/epi/6/1?cookieSet=1# Episteme, feb. 2009]===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Christian</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=5270&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Christian: /* 2007 */ :HP Laboratories, febbraio 2007</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=5270&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-03-09T14:50:17Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;2007: &lt;/span&gt; :HP Laboratories, febbraio 2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Versione meno recente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Versione delle 14:50, 9 mar 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot; &gt;Riga 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Riga 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==2004==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==2004==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Nikolaos Th. Korfiatis; Marios Poulos and George Bokos|title=Evaluating authoritative sources using social networks: an insight from Wikipedia|publisher=OIR|date=March 2006|year=|month=|volume=30|issue=3|page=252|pages=11}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Nikolaos Th. Korfiatis; Marios Poulos and George Bokos|title=Evaluating authoritative sources using social networks: an insight from Wikipedia|publisher=OIR|date=March 2006|year=|month=|volume=30|issue=3|page=252|pages=11}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==2007==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===HP Laboratories, febbraio 2007===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; [http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.DL/0702140 Assessing the Value of Coooperation in Wikipedia], HP Laboratories, Palo Alto, febbraio 2007. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:Analisi statistica del modello wiki: il modello di Wikipedia funziona. Più modifiche subisce una voce, più è facile che ne subisca, più infine migliorerà in obiettività ed accuratezza. Articolo molto tecnico che però da una prima quantitativa prova dell'efficenza del metodo wiki. --[[User:Andrea|Andrea]] ([[User talk:Andrea|discussione]]) 01:58, 16 feb 2009 (CET)&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==2008==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==2008==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Christian</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=5026&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Christian: Evaluating authoritative sources using social networks: an insight from Wikipedia</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=5026&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-02-24T22:26:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Evaluating authoritative sources using social networks: an insight from Wikipedia&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='it'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Versione meno recente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Versione delle 22:26, 24 feb 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l4&quot; &gt;Riga 4:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Riga 4:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TOCright}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{TOCright}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==2004==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Nikolaos Th. Korfiatis; Marios Poulos and George Bokos|title=Evaluating authoritative sources using social networks: an insight from Wikipedia|publisher=OIR|date=March 2006|year=|month=|volume=30|issue=3|page=252|pages=11}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==2008==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Zhang, Congle; Xue, Gui-Rong; Yu, Yong|title=Knowledge Supervised Text Classification with No Labeled Documents|publisher=PRICAI 2008: TRENDS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE|date=DEC 15-19, 2008|year=2008|month=0|volume=5351|issue=0|page=509|pages=12}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Zhang, Congle; Xue, Gui-Rong; Yu, Yong|title=Knowledge Supervised Text Classification with No Labeled Documents|publisher=PRICAI 2008: TRENDS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE|date=DEC 15-19, 2008|year=2008|month=0|volume=5351|issue=0|page=509|pages=12}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:In traditional text classification approaches, the semantic meanings of the classes are described by the labeled documents. Since labeling documents is often time consuming and expensive, it; is a promising idea that asking users to provide some keywords to depict the classes, instead of labeling any documents. However, short pieces of keywords may not contain enough information and therefore may lead to unreliable classifier. Fortunately, there are large amount of public data easily available in web directories, such as ODP, Wikipedia, etc. We are interested in exploring the enormous crowd intelligence contained in such public data to enhance text classification. In this paper, we propose a novel text; classification framework called &amp;quot;Knowledge Supervised Learning&amp;quot; (KSL), which utilizes the knowledge in keywords and the crowd intelligence to learn the classifier without any labeled documents. We design a two-stage risk minimization (TSRM) approach for the KSL problem. It can optimize the expected prediction risk and build the high quality classifier. Empirical results verify our claim: our algorithm can achieve above 0.9 on Micro-F1 on average, which is much better than baselines and even comparable against SVM classifier supervised by labeled documents.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:In traditional text classification approaches, the semantic meanings of the classes are described by the labeled documents. Since labeling documents is often time consuming and expensive, it; is a promising idea that asking users to provide some keywords to depict the classes, instead of labeling any documents. However, short pieces of keywords may not contain enough information and therefore may lead to unreliable classifier. Fortunately, there are large amount of public data easily available in web directories, such as ODP, Wikipedia, etc. We are interested in exploring the enormous crowd intelligence contained in such public data to enhance text classification. In this paper, we propose a novel text; classification framework called &amp;quot;Knowledge Supervised Learning&amp;quot; (KSL), which utilizes the knowledge in keywords and the crowd intelligence to learn the classifier without any labeled documents. We design a two-stage risk minimization (TSRM) approach for the KSL problem. It can optimize the expected prediction risk and build the high quality classifier. Empirical results verify our claim: our algorithm can achieve above 0.9 on Micro-F1 on average, which is much better than baselines and even comparable against SVM classifier supervised by labeled documents.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Christian</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=5009&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Christian: Episteme, feb. 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=5009&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-02-23T22:12:36Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Episteme, feb. 2009&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='it'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Versione meno recente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Versione delle 22:12, 23 feb 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot; &gt;Riga 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Riga 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{TOCright}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Zhang, Congle; Xue, Gui-Rong; Yu, Yong|title=Knowledge Supervised Text Classification with No Labeled Documents|publisher=PRICAI 2008: TRENDS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE|date=DEC 15-19, 2008|year=2008|month=0|volume=5351|issue=0|page=509|pages=12}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Zhang, Congle; Xue, Gui-Rong; Yu, Yong|title=Knowledge Supervised Text Classification with No Labeled Documents|publisher=PRICAI 2008: TRENDS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE|date=DEC 15-19, 2008|year=2008|month=0|volume=5351|issue=0|page=509|pages=12}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:In traditional text classification approaches, the semantic meanings of the classes are described by the labeled documents. Since labeling documents is often time consuming and expensive, it; is a promising idea that asking users to provide some keywords to depict the classes, instead of labeling any documents. However, short pieces of keywords may not contain enough information and therefore may lead to unreliable classifier. Fortunately, there are large amount of public data easily available in web directories, such as ODP, Wikipedia, etc. We are interested in exploring the enormous crowd intelligence contained in such public data to enhance text classification. In this paper, we propose a novel text; classification framework called &amp;quot;Knowledge Supervised Learning&amp;quot; (KSL), which utilizes the knowledge in keywords and the crowd intelligence to learn the classifier without any labeled documents. We design a two-stage risk minimization (TSRM) approach for the KSL problem. It can optimize the expected prediction risk and build the high quality classifier. Empirical results verify our claim: our algorithm can achieve above 0.9 on Micro-F1 on average, which is much better than baselines and even comparable against SVM classifier supervised by labeled documents.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:In traditional text classification approaches, the semantic meanings of the classes are described by the labeled documents. Since labeling documents is often time consuming and expensive, it; is a promising idea that asking users to provide some keywords to depict the classes, instead of labeling any documents. However, short pieces of keywords may not contain enough information and therefore may lead to unreliable classifier. Fortunately, there are large amount of public data easily available in web directories, such as ODP, Wikipedia, etc. We are interested in exploring the enormous crowd intelligence contained in such public data to enhance text classification. In this paper, we propose a novel text; classification framework called &amp;quot;Knowledge Supervised Learning&amp;quot; (KSL), which utilizes the knowledge in keywords and the crowd intelligence to learn the classifier without any labeled documents. We design a two-stage risk minimization (TSRM) approach for the KSL problem. It can optimize the expected prediction risk and build the high quality classifier. Empirical results verify our claim: our algorithm can achieve above 0.9 on Micro-F1 on average, which is much better than baselines and even comparable against SVM classifier supervised by labeled documents.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l103&quot; &gt;Riga 103:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Riga 104:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Giampiccolo, Danilo; Forner, Pamela; Herrera, Jesus; Penas, Anselmo; Ayache, Christelle; Forascu, Corina; Jijkoun, Valentin; Osenova, Petya; Rocha, Paulo; Sacaleanu, Bogdan; Sutcliffe, Richard|title=Overview of the CLEF 2007 Multilingual Question Answering Track|publisher=ADVANCES IN MULTILINGUAL AND MULTIMODAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL|date=SEP 19-21, 2007|year=2008|month=0|volume=5152|issue=0|page=200|pages=37}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* {{cite journal |author=Giampiccolo, Danilo; Forner, Pamela; Herrera, Jesus; Penas, Anselmo; Ayache, Christelle; Forascu, Corina; Jijkoun, Valentin; Osenova, Petya; Rocha, Paulo; Sacaleanu, Bogdan; Sutcliffe, Richard|title=Overview of the CLEF 2007 Multilingual Question Answering Track|publisher=ADVANCES IN MULTILINGUAL AND MULTIMODAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL|date=SEP 19-21, 2007|year=2008|month=0|volume=5152|issue=0|page=200|pages=37}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:The fifth QA campaign at CLEF [1], having its first edition in 2003, offered not only a main task but an Answer Validation Exercise (AVE) [2], which continued last year's pilot, and a new pilot: the Question Answering on Speech Transcripts (QAST) [3, 15]. The main task was characterized by the focus on cross-linguality, while covering as many European languages as possible. As novelty, some QA pairs were grouped in clusters. Every cluster was characterized by a topic (not given to participants). The questions from a cluster possibly contain co-references between one of them and the others. Finally, the need for searching answers in web formats was satisfied by introducing Wikipedia(1) as document corpus. The results and the analyses reported by the participants suggest that the introduction of Wikipedia and the topic related questions led to a drop in systems' performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:The fifth QA campaign at CLEF [1], having its first edition in 2003, offered not only a main task but an Answer Validation Exercise (AVE) [2], which continued last year's pilot, and a new pilot: the Question Answering on Speech Transcripts (QAST) [3, 15]. The main task was characterized by the focus on cross-linguality, while covering as many European languages as possible. As novelty, some QA pairs were grouped in clusters. Every cluster was characterized by a topic (not given to participants). The questions from a cluster possibly contain co-references between one of them and the others. Finally, the need for searching answers in web formats was satisfied by introducing Wikipedia(1) as document corpus. The results and the analyses reported by the participants suggest that the introduction of Wikipedia and the topic related questions led to a drop in systems' performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===[http://www.eupjournals.com/toc/epi/6/1?cookieSet=1# Episteme, feb. 2009]===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &amp;quot;Introduction: The Epistemology of Mass Collaboration&amp;quot;, Don Fallis&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &amp;quot;WIKIPEDIA and the Epistemology of Testimony&amp;quot;, Deborah Perron Tollefsen&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &amp;quot;Web 2.0 vs. the Semantic Web: A Philosophical Assessment&amp;quot;, Luciano Floridi&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &amp;quot;The Epistemic Cultures of Science and WIKIPEDIA: A Comparison&amp;quot;, K. Brad Wray&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &amp;quot;The Fate of Expertise after WIKIPEDIA&amp;quot;, Lawrence M. Sanger&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &amp;quot;On Trusting WIKIPEDIA&amp;quot;, P. D. Magnus&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* &amp;quot;Prediction Markets: The Practical and Normative Possibilities for the Social Production of Knowledge&amp;quot;, George Bragues&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Christian</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=4911&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrea: Annullata la modifica 4910 di Andrea (discussione)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=4911&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-02-19T13:21:47Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Annullata la modifica 4910 di &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/index.php?title=Speciale:Contributi/Andrea&quot; title=&quot;Speciale:Contributi/Andrea&quot;&gt;Andrea&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/index.php?title=Discussioni_utente:Andrea&quot; title=&quot;Discussioni utente:Andrea&quot;&gt;discussione&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;amp;diff=4911&amp;amp;oldid=4910&quot;&gt;Mostra modifiche&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrea</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=4910&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Andrea il 13:21, 19 feb 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=4910&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-02-19T13:21:08Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;amp;diff=4910&amp;amp;oldid=4909&quot;&gt;Mostra modifiche&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Andrea</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=4909&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Christian: title</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=4909&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-02-19T13:15:11Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;title&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;amp;diff=4909&amp;amp;oldid=4906&quot;&gt;Mostra modifiche&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Christian</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=4906&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Christian: da Web of Science</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;diff=4906&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2009-02-19T13:08:01Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;da Web of Science&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://biasco.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Wikipedia_-_Scientific_articles&amp;amp;diff=4906&quot;&gt;Mostra modifiche&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Christian</name></author>	</entry>

	</feed>