Copione della WikiGuida "Commons"

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Copione WikiGuide: Wikipedia · Commons · Wikisource · Wikiquote
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BLOCCO 1: Cos'è

WP, WMF, Commons

In Wikipedia e nei progetti fratelli, non c'è solamente testo, ma anche tantissime immagini, suoni e altre risorse multimediali. Alle volte questo materiale è salvato nel progetto specifico, ma...

Commons è un progetto della Wikimedia Foundation, oltre a WP.

Cosa è Commons

Wikimedia Commons (chiamato anche Commons o Wikicommons) è un archivio di immagini, suoni ed altri file multimediali con licenza libera.

While the project was originally proposed to also contain free text files, these continue to be hosted on a sister project, Wikisource.

The aim of Wikimedia Commons is to provide a media file repository:

   * that makes available public domain and freely-licensed educational media content to all, and
   * that acts as a common repository for the various projects of the Wikimedia Foundation.

The expression “educational” is to be understood according to its broad meaning of “providing knowledge; instructional or informative”.

Commons can be used to host such material if included in a shareable media file that is of use to one of the other WMF projects (so, scanned copies of existing texts that are useful to other WMF projects—e.g. to serve as the basis of a reliable, verifiable source—are in scope). Also allowed are files which embody something of value over and above raw text. For example, files consisting of scans of out-of-copyright books, newspapers and the like which preserve original font, layout, embedded images and the like are within scope.

perché è nato Commons e come

Il progetto è nato il 7 settembre 2004. A key motivation behind the setup of a central repository was the desire to reduce duplication of effort across the Wikimedia projects and languages, as the same file had to be uploaded to many different wikis separately before Commons was created.

Policies

Given its primary function as a supporting project for the other Wikimedia web sites, the main content policy for files uploaded to Commons is that they must be potentially useful on any of the Wikimedia projects. This excludes material such as purely personal pictures and artwork, in contrast to image sharing repositories like Flickr, Photobucket and DeviantArt. Nevertheless, large numbers of files hosted on Commons are not used directly on any Wikimedia project and likely never will be; as such, the project has grown into a repository of multimedia in its own right, which is frequently linked to from articles on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia websites to provide supplemental materials.

chi lo gestisce

The repository is created and maintained not by paid archivists, but by volunteers.

Wikimedia Commons uses the same wiki-technology as Wikipedia and everyone can edit it.

multilingue

Il linguaggio predefinito per Commons è l'inglese;

Many content pages, in particular policy pages and portals, have also been translated into various languages.

Molte pagine sono già state tradotte in varie lingue.

non neutrale, ma educativo

Must be realistically useful for an educational purpose

The expression “educational” is to be understood according to its broad meaning of “providing knowledge; instructional or informative”.

In the sections below, any use that is not made in good faith does not count. For example, images that are being used on a talk page just to make a point can be discounted. [modifica] File in use in another Wikimedia project

A media file that is in use on one of the other projects of the Wikimedia Foundation is considered automatically to be useful for an educational purpose, as is a file in use for some operational reason such as within a template or the like. Such a file is not liable to deletion simply because it may be of poor quality: if it is in use, that is enough.

An otherwise non-educational file does not acquire educational purpose solely because it is in use on a user page (the "User:" namespace) of another project, but by custom the uploading of small numbers of images (e.g. of yourself) for use on a personal user page of another project is allowed.

It should be stressed that Commons does not exist to editorialise on other projects - that an image is in use on a non talk/user page is enough for it to be within scope. [modifica] File in use on Commons only

An otherwise non-educational file does not acquire educational purpose solely because it is in use on a gallery page or in a category on Commons, nor solely because it is in use on a user page (the "User:" namespace), but by custom the uploading of small numbers of images (e.g. of yourself) for use on a personal Commons user page is allowed. Files relating to projects or events of the Wikimedia Foundation are also allowed (e.g. photographs of user meetings). [modifica] File not legitimately in use

A media file which is neither:

   * realistically useful for an educational purpose, nor
   * legitimately in use as discussed above

falls outside the scope of Wikimedia Commons.

The emphasis here is on realistic utility, either for one of the Wikimedia projects or for some other educational use. Not all images for example are realistically useful for an educational purpose, and an image does not magically become useful by arguing that “it could be used to illustrate a Wikipedia article on X”, where X happens to be the subject of the file.

For example, the fact that an unused blurred photograph could theoretically be used to illustrate an article on “Common mistakes in photography” does not mean that we should keep all blurred photographs. The fact that an unused snapshot of your friend could theoretically be used to illustrate an article on “Photographic portraiture” does not mean that we should keep all photographs of unknown people. The fact that an unused pornographic image could theoretically be used to illustrate an article on pornography does not mean that we should keep all pornographic images (see also Censorship). [modifica] Examples

Examples of files that are not realistically useful for an educational purpose:

   * Private image collections, e.g. private party photos, photos of yourself and your friends, your collection of holiday snaps and so on. There are plenty of other projects on the Internet you can use for such a purpose, such as Flickr. Such private image collections do not become educational even if displayed as a gallery on a user page on Commons or elsewhere.
   * Self-created artwork without obvious educational use.
   * Files apparently created and/or uploaded for the purpose of vandalism or attack. Preexisting designs and symbols that are or have been associated with nationalistic, religious or racist causes are not out of scope solely because they may cause offence. Provided they are legal to host and otherwise fall within Commons scope (e.g. if they could for example be used to illustrate a Wikipedia article on a hate group) they should be kept.
   * Advertising or self-promotion.
   * Files that add nothing educationally distinct to the collection of images we already hold covering the same subject, especially if they are of poor or mediocre quality.

[modifica] Discussion

We hold many high quality images of species-identified birds, and there is no realistic educational use for a small, blurry, poorly composed snapshot of an unidentified and unidentifiable bird. Of course, there is always room for another educationally distinct image, for example illustrating some aspect of bird behaviour that we do not currently cover, even if the image is perhaps not of the highest quality.

There may sometimes be an argument for retaining multiple images that are (from an educational point of view) quite similar, for the sake of variety and availability of choice, but there is no purpose in our hosting many essentially identical poor quality images that have no realistic educational value.

New educational files of exceptional quality are always welcome, and the later uploading of such files may in principle render earlier unused poor quality files educationally redundant. However, as indicated above, a file that is used in good faith on a Wikimedia project is always considered educational, so a poor quality file that remains in use is not liable to deletion even if a better-quality file covering the same subject later becomes available.

New and existing files of poor or mediocre quality may or may not be realistically useful for an educational purpose depending on what they illustrate and what other files we have of the same subject. Where a subject is rare and/or difficult to capture, even a poor quality file may be of significant educational value, especially if Commons has very few or no similar files already. On the other hand, poor or mediocre files of common and easy to capture subjects may have no realistic educational value, especially if Commons already hosts many similar or better quality examples.

Image quality is just one of the factors that may limit the educational usefulness of a file. Other limiting factors may include low-resolution and hard-to-remove watermarks.

BLOCCO 2: Cosa c'è e come lo si usa

come è organizzato

Files on Wikimedia Commons are categorized using MediaWiki's category system. In addition, they are often collected on individual topical gallery pages.

utilizzo del materiale di commons

Unlike traditional media repositories, Wikimedia Commons is free. Everyone is allowed to copy, use and modify any files here freely as long as they follow the terms specified by the author; this often means crediting the source and author(s) appropriately and releasing copies/improvements under the same freedom to others. The license conditions of each individual media file can be found on their description page.

nei progetti della WMF, in particolare WP, ma non solo

I file inviati a questo archivio possono essere usati direttamente da tutti gli altri progetti che si trovano sui server Wikimedia, inclusi Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikinews, Wikispecies, in tutte le lingue, come se fossero caricati localmente su ogni singolo progetto

come si fa a mettere un'immagine da commons su WP

non tutte le risorse di Commons possono essere caricate in WP o in altri progetti. Bisogna innanzitutto controllare che il materiale che si vuole riprendere rispetti le linee guida dello specifico progetto e della comunità linguistica di riferimento. Inoltre in alcuni casi è possibile che l'uso di certe immagini sia vietato in specifici progetti a causa di problematiche legislative dovute a leggi locali.

Uso in un sito basato su MediaWiki

• un sito basato su MediaWiki può usare direttamente il materiale, ma anche l'"hotlinking" non è scoraggiato, purché si seguano le regole di attribuzione (forse alcune piattaforme per blog sono capaci di gestire la cosa in automatico)

BLOCCO 2: Comunità e dintorni

Problemi aperti (sensibilità locali)

Censorship

Files and other materials which are not lawful for Commons to host on its servers in Florida will be deleted immediately upon being identified as illegal (this includes copyright violations), even if the material otherwise falls within Commons scope, as set out above. However, Commons is not censored, and does quite legitimately include content which some users may consider objectionable or offensive. The policy of "Commons is not censored" means that a lawfully-hosted file, which falls within Commons' definitions of scope, will not be deleted solely on the grounds that it may not be "child-friendly" or that it may cause offense to you or others, for moral, personal, religious, social, or other reasons.

The counterpoint to this, is that the statement "Commons is not censored" is not a valid argument for keeping a file that falls outside Commons' defined scope, as set out above. Photographs of nudity including male and female genitalia are sometimes uploaded for non-educational motives, and such images are not exempt from the requirement to comply with the rules of Commons' scope. If the images are of demonstrably inferior quality, or add nothing educationally distinct to the stock of such images we hold already, they may fail the test of being realistically useful for an educational purpose.

A balance has to be struck between accepting useful media files with legitimate educational content that some may find offensive, and not allowing Commons to be used as a general-purpose media-hosting service (like Flickr, Photobucket, YouTube, etc.), without regard for the project's stated goals. The purpose of Commons is to serve as a media repository, a reliable resource of useful, open source media content; organized and comprehensive in coverage (with accurate file descriptions/information), educational, and intended both for use by Wikimedia projects, and as a public service freely accessible to everyone.

BLOCCO 3: Partecipare

Partecipare

You can improve Wikimedia Commons most if you contribute what you can do best:

Contribute your work

If you're a good photographer, don't hesitate to contribute your valuable images. If you're a good designer, look which diagrams and animations are badly needed. If you're a good musician or film/theater artist, do not hesitate to publish your own records of your performances of free pieces here.

Contribute your skills

However you do not need to upload your own files. There is plenty of other very important work to do:

   * Translate help texts into a language other than English.
   * Improve images.
   * Identify unknown objects.
   * Contribute your legal knowledge on copyright questions and deletion requests.

Contribute your time

You even do not need to be an artist or good at writing help texts. If you feel at home with creating order from chaos, then we could use your helping hand!

   * Anytime you see a file with incomplete licensing or source information, tag it {{subst:nsd}}.
   * Give uncategorized pages a category.
   * Move files into relevant subcategories
   * Free media resources are waiting for an inclusion into this project.
   * Nominate or vote for Featured Pictures (registration required).

come ci si registra / in automatico da WP

l'interfaccia può essere configurata nelle preferenze utente per utilizzare qualsiasi altra lingua.

registered users can customize their interface to use any other available user interface translations.

In order to be able to upload files on Wikimedia Commons, you need to be logged in. You can register at the "Log in / create account" link in the upper right corner and enter a user name that will be used at all of your uploads/edits on images and texts. However if you just want to edit pages you don't need to be logged in (although it is encouraged). If you have taken advantage of unified login, then you are already signed up at Commons.

licenze accettate

Wikimedia Commons non permette il caricamento di file con licenze non libere, incluse le licenze che limitano l'uso commerciale del contenuto multimediale o che sono rilasciati in fair use. Tra le licenze libere accettate da Commons, la GFDL e le licenze Creative Commons libere (cioè che non restringono l'uso al solo scopo non commerciale e che non impediscono la modifica del contenuto).

Wikimedia Commons itself does not allow fair use or uploads under non-free licenses, including licenses which restrict commercial use of materials or disallow derivative works. Licenses that are acceptable include the GNU Free Documentation License, Creative Commons Attribution and Attribution/ShareAlike licenses,<ref name="CCL"/> other free content and free software licenses, and the public domain.

Wikimedia Commons accepts only free content, in other words files that are either freely licensed or which are in the public domain. A file is considered public domain if either all copyright has expired or if the copyright owner(s) has voluntarily placed the content of the file into the public domain by irrevocably renouncing all copyright. A file which is ineligible for copyright protection is also considered public domain.

Any file hosted here must normally be freely licensed or public domain according to both the law of the United States and according to the law of the source country, if different: see Commons:Licensing.

Required licensing terms

To be considered freely licensed, the copyright owner has to release the file under an irrevocable licence which:

   * Permits free reuse for any purpose (including commercial).
   * Permits the creation of derivative works.

Non-allowable licence terms

The following licensing terms are not allowed:

   * Non-commercial or educational use only.
   * Restrictions on the creation of derivative works (except for copyleft).
   * A requirement for payment or for notification of use (these can be requested but not required).
   * Restrictions on where the work may be used (e.g. use allowed on Wikipedia only).

Licences with these restrictions are allowed as long as the work is dual-licensed (or multi-licensed) with at least one licensing option that does not include such a restriction.

"Licences" which purport to allow fair use only are not allowed. (Fair use is not a right that can be licensed by a copyright owner, and is in any event never accepted on Commons).

Evidence

It is for the uploader to supply suitable evidence, where required, to demonstrate either that the file is in the public domain or that the copyright owner has released it under a suitable licence. Typically that requires at least that the source of the file be specified, along with the original source where the file constitutes a derivative work. Also, the copyright owner/author should be identified, if known or reasonably ascertainable. Where there is any query, evidence may need to be supplied that the copyright owner has indeed released the file under the purported licence.

Where the file is a photograph which shows an identifiable person, the subject's consent is also required in the circumstances set out at Commons:Photographs of identifiable people.

In all cases, the burden of proof lies on the uploader or other person arguing for the file to be retained to demonstrate that so far as can reasonably be ascertained:

   * the file is properly licensed (or is in the public domain), and
   * that any required consent has been obtained.

[modifica] Precautionary principle

Commons’ users aim to build and maintain in good faith a repository of media files which to the best of our knowledge are free or freely-licensed. The precautionary principle is that where there is significant doubt about the freedom of a particular file it should be deleted.

formati accettati

Only free file formats are allowed. Proprietary formats such as Microsoft Word and Excel documents, MP3, AAC, WMA, MPEG, AVI, Flash and the like are not permitted. More generally, any file that requires an unfree program (or patent-encumbered codec) in order to access its content is prohibited.

A list of currently allowed file formats can be found at Commons: Project scope/Allowable file types.

alcuni strumenti utili (per flickr,...)

Over time, additional functionality has been developed to interface Wikimedia Commons with the other Wikimedia projects. Daniel Kinzler wrote applications for finding appropriate categories for uploaded files ("CommonSense"), determining the usage of files across the Wikimedia projects ("CheckUsage"), locating images with missing copyright information ("UntaggedImages"), and relaying information about administrative actions such as deletions to the relevant wikis ("Template:Srlink").

Commonist

Specialized uploading tools and scripts such as "Commonist" have been created to simplify the process of uploading large numbers of files. In order to review free content photos uploaded to Flickr, users can participate in a collaborative external review process ("Template:Srlink"), which has resulted in more than 10,000 uploads to Commons.<ref name="Flickr"/>

Quality

The site has three mechanisms for recognizing quality works. One is known as "Featured pictures", where works are nominated and other community members vote to accept or reject the nomination. This process began in November 2004. Another process known as "Quality images" began in June 2006, and has a simpler nomination process comparable to "Featured pictures". "Quality images" only accepts works created by Wikimedia users, whereas "Featured pictures" additionally accepts nominations of works by third parties such as NASA. A third image assessment project, known as "Valued images", began on June 1, 2008 with the purpose of recognising "the most valued illustration of its kind", in contrast to the other two processes which assess images mainly on technical quality.

Pagine importanti da consultare

• Wikimedia Commons
• it:Wikimedia Commons
• Commons:Project_scope/Allowable_file_types