History of Wikipedia (en.wiki) - Cronologia

Christian: /* History by subject area */ :fatto

2009-03-24T12:01:27Z

‎History by subject area: :fatto

Christian: /* History by subject area */ :fatto

2009-03-24T02:07:21Z

‎History by subject area: :fatto

Christian: /* Historical overview by year */ :fatto

2009-03-23T23:22:09Z

‎Historical overview by year: :fatto

Christian: /* History overview */ :fatto

2009-03-23T22:38:26Z

‎History overview: :fatto

Christian: /* Development */ :fatto

2009-03-23T22:37:57Z

‎Development: :fatto

Christian: /* Namespaces and internationalization */ :fatto

2009-03-23T22:33:58Z

‎Namespaces and internationalization: :fatto

Christian: /* Founding of Wikipedia */ :tagli

2009-03-23T22:23:43Z

‎Founding of Wikipedia: :tagli

Christian: /* Formulation of the concept */ :fatto

2009-03-23T21:43:31Z

‎Formulation of the concept: :fatto

Christian: /* History overview */ :err.

2009-03-23T03:03:35Z

‎History overview: :err.

Christian: History of Wikipedia

2009-03-23T03:02:19Z

History of Wikipedia

Mostra modifiche

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	==History by subject area==		==History by subject area==

−	::*Creation of new pages on the English Wikipedia was restricted to editors who had created a user account.<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-12-05/Page_creation_restrictions Page creation restrictions]", Wikipedia Signpost / English Wikipedia. Retrieved on {{date\|2007-01-31\|dmy}}.</ref>
−	::* The introduction and rapid adoption of the policy [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living people]], giving a far tighter quality control and fact-check system to biographical articles related to living people.
−	::* The "semi-protection" function and policy,<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-12-26/Semi-protection Semi-protection policy]", Wikipedia Signpost / English Wikipedia. Retrieved on {{date\|2007-01-30\|dmy}}.</ref> allowing pages to be protected so that only those with an account could edit.
−	* In May 2006, a new "oversight" feature was introduced on the English Wikipedia, allowing a handful of highly trusted users to permanently erase page revisions containing copyright infringements or libelous or personal information from a page's history. Previous to this, page version deletion was laborious, and also deleted versions remained visible to other administrators and could be un-deleted by them.
−	* On {{date\|January 1 2007\|dmy}}, the subcommunity named [[Wikipedia:Esperanza\|Esperanza]] was disbanded by communal consent. Esperanza had begun as an effort to promote "[[Wikipedia:Wikilove\|wikilove]]" and a social support network, but had developed its own subculture and private structures.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2007-01-02/Experanza Esperanza organization disbanded after deletion discussion] {{date\|January 2, 2007\|dmy}}</ref><ref name="Ezperanza">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:MFD/EA</ref> Its disbanding was described as the painful but necessary remedy for a project that had allowed editors to "see themselves as Esperanzans first and foremost".<ref name="Ezperanza" /> A number of Esperanza's subprojects (including [[Wikipedia:Admin coaching\|coaching]] and [[Wikipedia:Stress Alerts\|stress alerts]]) were integrated back into Wikipedia as free-standing projects. When the group was founded in September 2005, there had been concerns expressed that it would eventually be condemned as such.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-09-19/Esperanza_group New group aims to promote Wiki-Love] {{date\|September 19, 2005\|dmy}}</ref>
−	* In April 2007 the results of 4 months policy review by a working group of several hundred editors seeking to merge the core Wikipedia policies into one core policy (See: [[Wikipedia:Attribution]]) was polled for community support. The proposal did not gain consensus; a significant view became evident that the existing structure of three strong focused policies covering the respective areas of policy, was frequently seen as more helpful to quality control than one more general merged proposal.

−	~~===The Wikimedia Foundation and legal structures===~~
−	~~:''Legal and organizational structure of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], its executive, and its activities as a [[Foundation (nonprofit organization)\|foundation]].''~~
−	* In August 2002, shortly after Jimmy Wales announced that he would never run commercial [[advertisement]]s on Wikipedia, the [[Uniform Resource Locator\|URL]] of Wikipedia was changed from ''wikipedia.com'' to ''wikipedia.org'' (see: [[.com]] and [[.org]]).
−	* On {{date\|June 20 2003\|dmy}}, the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] was founded.
−	* Communications committee was [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communications_committee&oldid=623013 formed] in January 2006 to handle media inquiries and emails received for the foundation and Wikipedia via the newly implemented [[OTRS]] (a ticket handling system).
−	* [[Angela Beesley]] and [[Florence Nibart-Devouard]] were elected to the Board of [[Trustee]]s of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]]. During this time, Angela was active in editing content and setting policy, such as privacy policy, within the Foundation.<ref name=Riehle>Riehle, Dirk. [http://www.riehle.org/computer-science/research/2006/wikisym-2006-interview.html "How and Why Wikipedia Works: An Interview with Angela Beesley, Elisabeth Bauer, and Kizu Naoko"], ''www.riehle.org'', 2006.</ref>
−	* On {{date\|January 10, 2006\|dmy}}, ''Wikipedia'' became a registered trademark of Wikimedia Foundation.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2006-01-16/Trademark_registered&oldid=35499220\|title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2006-01-16/Trademark registered\|accessdate={{date\|2007-01-14\|dmy}}\|date={{date\|2006-01-16\|dmy}}\|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref>
−	* In July 2006, [[Angela Beesley]] resigned from the board of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]].<ref name=WFpressrelease>[http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Angela_Beesley_resigns_from_Wikimedia_Foundation_board "Angela Beesley resigns from Wikimedia Foundation board"], Wikimedia Foundation press release, {{date\|July 7 2006\|ldmy}}.</ref>
−	* In June 2006, Brad Patrick was hired to be the first executive director of the Foundation. He resigned in January 2007, and was later replaced by Sue Gardner (June 2007).
−	* In October 2006, [[Florence Nibart-Devouard]] became chair of the board of Wikimedia Foundation.
−
−	~~===Projects and landmarks===~~
−	~~{{Main\|Wikipedia:Statistics}}~~
−	~~:''Sister projects, and landmarks related to articles, user base, and other statistics.''~~
−	* {{date\|January 16, 2001\|ldmy}}, the first recorded edit of Wikipedia at [[Wikipedia:UuU\|UuU]], although it is [[Wikipedia:UuU\|suspected]] there were earlier edits.
−	* In December 2002, the first sister project, [[Wiktionary]], was created; aiming to produce a [[dictionary]] and [[thesaurus]] of the words in all languages. It uses the same software as Wikipedia.
−	* On {{date\|January 22 2003\|ldmy}}, the English Wikipedia was again [[slashdot effect\|slashdotted]] after having reached the '''100,000''' article milestone with the [[Hastings, New Zealand\|Hastings]], [[New Zealand]] article. Two days later, the German language Wikipedia, the largest non-English version, passed the 10,000 article mark.
−	* On {{date\|June 20 2003\|ldmy}}, the same day that the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] was founded, "[[Wikiquote]]" was created. A month later, "[[Wikibooks]]" was launched. "[[Wikisource]]" was set up towards the end of the year.
−	* In January 2004, Wikipedia passed the '''200,000''' article milestone in English with the article on [[Neil Warnock]], and reached 450,000 articles for both English and non-English wikis. The next month, the combined article count of the English and non-English wikis reached 500,000.
−	* On {{date\|April 20, 2004\|ldmy}}, the article count of the English wiki reached '''250,000'''.
−	* On {{date\|July 7, 2004\|ldmy}}, the article count of the English wiki reached '''300,000'''.
−	* On {{date\|September 20, 2004\|ldmy}}, Wikipedia reached one million articles in over 105 languages, and received a flurry of related attention in the press.<ref>[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/PR-1mil-US One million Wikipedia articles]</ref> The one millionth article was published in the [[Hebrew language]] Wikipedia, and discusses the [[flag of Kazakhstan]].
−	* On {{date\|November 20, 2004\|ldmy}}, the article count of the English Wikipedia reached '''400,000'''.
−	* On {{date\|March 18, 2005\|ldmy}}, Wikipedia passed the '''500,000''' article milestone in English, with [[Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union]] being announced in a press release as the landmark article.<ref>[http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/500k_English_articles Wikipedia Publishes 500,000th English Article]</ref>
−	* In May 2005, Wikipedia became the most popular reference website on the Internet according to traffic monitoring company [[Hitwise]], relegating [[Dictionary.com]] to second place.
−	* On {{date\|September 29, 2005\|ldmy}}, the English Wikipedia passed the '''750,000''' article mark.
−	* On {{date\|March 1, 2006\|ldmy}}, the English language Wikipedia passed the '''1,000,000''' article mark, with [[Jordanhill railway station]] being announced on the Main Page as the milestone article<ref name="milestone_articles">While this article was announced as the milestone on the Main Page, multiple articles qualified due to the continuous creation and deletion of pages on the site.</ref>
−	* On {{date\|June 8, 2006\|ldmy}}, the English language Wikipedia passed the '''1,000''' featured article mark, with [[Iranian peoples]].<ref>Wikimedia Foundation: [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/English_Wikipedia_Announces_Thousandth_Featured_Article English Wikipedia Announces Thousandth Featured Article]</ref>
−	* On {{date\|August 15, 2006\|ldmy}} the Wikimedia Foundation launches [[Wikiversity]].<ref>[http://wikimania2006.wikimedia.org/wiki/Opening_Plenary_%28transcript%29#Wikiversity_.2826:35.29 Welcome speech], Jimbo Wales, Wikimania 2006 ([http://www.supload.com/listen?s=SI0OG2vN04i audio])</ref>
−	* On {{date\|November 24, 2006\|ldmy}}, the English language Wikipedia passed the '''1,500,000''' article mark, with [[Kanab ambersnail]] being announced on the Main Page as the milestone article.<ref name="milestone_articles">{{Fact\|date=February 2007}}</ref>
−	* On {{date\|April 4, 2007\|ldmy}}, the first CD selection in English was published as a free download (see [[2006 Wikipedia CD Selection]]).<ref>[http://fixedreference.org/2006-Wikipedia-CD-Selection A Schools Global Citizen Resource from SOS Children]</ref>
−	* On {{date\|September 9, 2007\|ldmy}}, the English language Wikipedia passed the '''2,000,000''' article mark. '''[[El Hormiguero]]''', an article which covers a [[Spain\|Spanish]] TV comedy show, is accepted by consensus as the 2,000,000th article.
−	* On {{date\|August 12, 2008\|ldmy}}, the English language Wikipedia passed the '''2,500,000''' article mark.
−
−	~~===Funding===~~
−	* One of the first{{Fact\|date=July 2007}} fundraisers was held from {{date\|February 18, 2005\|ldmy}} to {{date\|March 1, 2005\|ldmy}}, raising $94,000, which was $21,000 more than expected.<ref>"[http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Fund_drives/2005/Q1 Fund drives/2005/Q1]", [[Wikimedia Foundation]]. Retrieved on {{date\|2007-01-25\|dmy}}.</ref>
−	* On {{date\|January 6, 2006\|ldmy}}, the Q4 2005 fundraiser concluded, raising a total of just over $390,000.<ref>"[http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Fund_drives/2005/Q4 Fund drives/2005/Q4]", [[Wikimedia Foundation]]. Retrieved on {{date\|2007-01-25\|dmy}}.</ref>
−	* In June 2007 it was announced that the German Wikipedia will be receiving state funding.<ref>[http://www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/91733 German Wikipedia receives state funding] {{date\|June 26, 2007\|dmy}}</ref>

	===External impact===		===External impact===

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 ==History by subject area==
 ::*Creation of new pages on the English Wikipedia was restricted to editors who had created a user account.<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-12-05/Page_creation_restrictions Page creation restrictions]", Wikipedia Signpost / English Wikipedia. Retrieved on {{date|2007-01-31|dmy}}.</ref>
 ::* The introduction and rapid adoption of the policy [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living people]], giving a far tighter quality control and fact-check system to biographical articles related to living people.

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−	~~==Historical overview by year==~~
−	:''Articles summarizing each year are held within the Wikipedia project namespace and are linked to below. Additional resources for research are available within the Wikipedia records and archives, and are listed at the end of this article.<!-- DONE THIS WAY SINCE MANY OF THESE LINKS WOULD BE SELFREFS, AND YET WORTHWHILE POINTING OUT THEIR EXISTENCE TO RESEARCHERS-->

−	~~===2000===~~
−	~~The [[Nupedia]] project is started with Larry Sanger running the daily operations and formulating many of the initial policies.~~
−
−	~~===2001===~~
−	The ''Wikipedia.com'' and ''Wikipedia.org'' domain names are registered on {{date\|January 12 2001\|dmy}}<ref>[[Network Solutions]] (2007) ''[http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.com WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.com from Network Solutions]'' Accessed {{date\|July 27, 2007\|dmy}}.</ref> and {{date\|January 13, 2001\|ldmy}},<ref>[[Network Solutions]] (2007) ''[http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.org from Network Solutions]'' Accessed {{date\|July 27, 2007\|dmy}}.</ref> respectively, with the latter being brought online on {{date\|January 13 2001\|dmy}}, [http://www.alexa.com/data/details/main?q=&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page according to Alexa]; project formally opens {{date\|Jan 15\|dmy}} ('[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Day\|Wikipedia Day]]'); the first international Wikipedias are created (March-May: [[French language\|French]], [[German language\|German]], [[Catalan language\|Catalan]], [[Swedish language\|Swedish]]); "Neutral point of view" (NPOV) policy is formally formulated; first [[slashdot effect\|slashdotter wave]] arrives {{date\|July 26\|dmy}}. The first media report about Wikipedia appears in August 2001 coincidentally by the newspaper ''[[Western Mail (Wales)\|Wales on Sunday]]''.<ref>[[Western Mail (Wales)\|Wales on Sunday]] ({{date\|August 26, 2001\|dmy}}) ''Knowledge at your fingertips. Game On : Internet Chat.''(writing, "Both Encarta and Britannica are official publications with well-deserved reputations. But there are other options, such as the homemade encyclopaedias. One is Wikipedia (www. wikipedia. com) which uses clever software to build an encyclopaedia from scratch. Wiki is software installed on a web server that allows anyone to edit any of the pages. At the Wikipedia, anyone can write about any subject they know about. The idea is that over time, enough experts will offer their knowledge for free and build up the world's ultimate hand-built database of knowledge. The disadvantage is that it's still an ongoing project. So far about 8,000 articles have been written and the editors are aiming for 100,000.")</ref> The [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] spur the appearance of breaking news stories on the homepage, as well as information boxes linking related articles.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20011010233257/http://www.wikipedia.com/ October, 2001 snapshot of the homepage] shows the "Breaking News" header up top as well as the September 11, 2001 block of articles under "Current events"; the [http://web.archive.org/web/20011010230439/www.wikipedia.com/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attack 9/11 page] shows the activist nature of the page, as well as the large number of subtopics created to cover the event.</ref>
−
−	~~===2002===~~
−	Year 2002 sees: the end of funding from [[Bomis]] and the departure of [[Larry Sanger]]; the [[fork (software development)\|forking]] of the [[Spanish Wikipedia]] to establish the ''[[Enciclopedia Libre]]''; and the creation of the first portable [[Mediawiki]] software (went live {{date\|Jan 25\|dmy}}). Bots are introduced, Jimmy Wales confirms Wikipedia would never run commercial advertising, and the first sister project ([[Wiktionary]]) and first formal [[Manual of Style]] are launched. A separate board of directors to supervise the project is proposed and initially discussed at [[Meta-Wikipedia]].
−
−	~~=== 2003 ===~~
−	Mathematical formulae using [[TeX]] are introduced; English Wikipedia passes 100,000 articles (the next largest, German, passes 10,000); the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] is established; Wikipedia adopts its jigsaw world [[logo]]; and the first Wikipedian social meeting is organized. The basic principles of Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:ArbCom\|Arbitration system and committee]] (known colloquially as "Arbcom") are developed mostly by [[Florence Devouard]], [[Fred Bauder]] and other key early Wikipedians.
−
−	~~===2004===~~
−	The worldwide Wikipedia article pool continues to grow rapidly, doubling in size in 12 months, from under 500,000 articles to over 1 million (English Wikipedia was just less than half of these) in over 100 languages. The server farms are moved from [[California]] to [[Florida]]; [[Wikipedia:Categories\|Categories]] and [[CSS]] style configuration sheets are introduced; and the first attempt to block Wikipedia occurs (China, June 2004, duration 2 weeks). Formal election of a board and ArbCom begin - Devouard is the only person elected who was instrumental in ArbCom. She and others begin to criticize balance and focus problems and lead efforts to fill in articles in neglected areas. The first formal projects are proposed to deliberately balance content and seek out [[systemic bias]] arising from Wikipedia's community structure.
−
−	~~===2005===~~
−	Multilingual and subject portals are established; the first quarter's formal fundraiser raises almost [[US $]] 100,000 for system upgrades to handle growing demand; Wikipedia becomes the most popular reference website on the Internet according to [[Hitwise]]; China again blocks Wikipedia (October); English Wikipedia passes 750,000 articles. The first Wikipedia scandal occurs, when a well known figure is found to have a vandalized biography which had gone unnoticed for months (the "[[Seigenthaler incident]]"). In the wake of this and other concerns,<ref name="Brandt">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons WP:BLP] started {{date\|17 December 2005\|dmy}} with narrative "I started this due to the Daniel Brandt situation". [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956]</ref> the first policy and system changes specifically designed to counter this form of abuse are established. These include a new [[m:CheckUser policy\|Checkuser]] privilege policy update (checkuser is a Mediawiki tool that assists in [[Sockpuppet (Internet)\|sock puppetry]] investigations), a new feature called [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection\|semi-protection]], a more strict policy on biographies of living people and tagging of such articles for stricter review, and restriction of new article creation to registered users only.
−
−	~~===2006===~~
−	English Wikipedia gains its 1½ millionth article; the first approved Wikipedia article selection is made freely available to download; "Wikipedia" becomes registered as a trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation; The [[congressional staffer edits to Wikipedia\|congressional aides biography scandals]] come to public attention: multiple incidents in which congressional staffers and a campaign manager are caught trying to covertly alter Wikipedia biographies, the campaign manager resigns.
−
−	Jimmy Wales indicates, at Wikimania 2006, that Wikipedia has achieved sufficient volume and calls for an emphasis on quality, perhaps best expressed in the call for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:100%2C000_feature-quality_articles 100,000 feature-quality articles]; A new privilege "oversight" is created allowing specific versions of archived pages with unacceptable content to be marked as non-viewable; Semi-protection against anonymous vandalism, introduced in 2005, proves more successful than anticipated, with over 1,000 pages semi-protected at any given time; Wikipedia is rated as one of the top 2006 global brands.<ref>[http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 Similar Search Results: Google Wins] {{date\|January 29, 2007\|dmy}}</ref>
−
−	~~===2007===~~
−	Wikipedia continues to grow, with some 5 million registered editor accounts;<ref>See the special page: [[Special:Statistics]]: 5,078,036 registered user accounts as at {{date\|13 August 2007\|dmy}}, excluding anonymous editors who have not created accounts.</ref> the combined Wikipedias in all languages together contain 1.74 billion words in 7.5 million articles in approximately 250 languages;<ref>Source: [[Wikipedia:Size comparisons]] as at {{date\|13 August 2007\|dmy}}</ref> the English Wikipedia gains a steady 1,700 articles a day,<ref>From around Q3 2006 Wikipedia's growth rate has been approximately linear, source: [[Wikipedia:Statistics]] - new article count by month 2006-2007.</ref> with the wikipedia.org domain name ranked at around the 10th busiest on the Internet (See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Statistics Wikipedia Statistics]); Wikipedia continues to garner visibility in [[:Category:Wikipedia publicity\|the press]] and to slowly but steadily [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia as a court source\|gain traction as a tertiary source]] both in serious legal decision-making and as a source of collated information on current events; the [[Essjay controversy]] breaks when a prominent member of Wikipedia is found to have lied about his credentials; [[Citizendium]] launches publicly; a trend develops that the encyclopedia addresses people whose notability stems from being a participant in a news story by adding a redirect from their name to the larger story, rather than creation of a distinct biographical article.<ref>E.g., cases such as [[Crystal Gail Mangum]] and Daniel Brandt.</ref>
−
−	~~===2008===~~
−	Various [[WikiProject]]s in many areas continue to expand and refine article contents within their scope. In April, the 10 millionth Wikipedia article was created, an article within the [[Hungarian Wikipedia]], and, only several months later, the English Wikipedia exceeds 2.5 million articles.
−
−	~~===2009===~~
−	~~On March 20, 2009, Wikipedia reached 2,800,000 articles. There are currently {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles as of {{date\|\|dmy}}.~~

	==History by subject area==		==History by subject area==

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−	~~==History overview==~~

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−	~~===Organization===~~
−	The Wikipedia project has grown rapidly in the course of its life, at several levels. Individual wikis have grown organically through the addition of new articles, new wikis have been added in English and non-English languages, and entire new projects replicating these growth methods in other related areas (news, quotations, reference books and so on) have been founded as well.
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−	Respectively, Wikipedia itself has grown, with the creation of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] to act as an umbrella body and the growth of software and policies to address the needs of the editorial community. These are documented below.

	==Historical overview by year==		==Historical overview by year==

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−	~~===Development===~~
−	In March 2002, following the withdrawal of funding by Bomis, Larry Sanger left both Nupedia and Wikipedia. Initially amicable, by 2004 differences between Sanger and Wales had driven a wedge between them, centering upon Sanger's [[criticism of Wikipedia]]'s approach, his role in Wikipedia's success, and their views on how best to manage open encyclopedias (see [[#Early roles of Wales and Sanger\|Early roles of Wales and Sanger]]). Both still supported the open-collaboration concept, but the two differed on how best to handle disruptive editors, specific roles for experts, and the best way to guide the project to success.[[Image:Old Wikipedia.png\|thumb\|left\|A Screenshot from the main page, {{date\|September 28, 2002\|dmy}}.]]

−	Wales, a believer in communal governance and "hands off" executive management, {{Fact\|date=September 2007}} went on to establish self-governance and [[bottom-up]] self-direction by editors on Wikipedia. He made it clear that he would not be involved in the community's day to day management, but would encourage it to learn to self-manage and find its own best approaches. As of 2007, Wales mostly restricts his own role to occasional input on serious matters, executive activity, advocacy of knowledge, and encouragement of similar reference projects.
−
−	Sanger advocated a "two tier" expert-led culture and more "hands on" executive management, with final editorial control by chief editors closer to the traditional model. He returned briefly to academia, then after joining the [[Digital Universe]] Foundation, went on to found [[Citizendium]], an alternative open encyclopedia which uses real names for contributors in order to reduce disruptive editing, supports the specific recognition of experts, and is governed by a system of [[top-down]] management, including himself or agreed-upon editors or committees. He has stated that he intends to leave in a few years, when the project and its management are established.<ref name="Citizendium:_building_a_better_Wikipedia">{{cite news
−	~~\|first=Nate~~
−	~~\|last=Anderson~~
−	~~\|title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia~~
−	~~\|url=http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars/3~~
−	~~\|publisher=[[Ars Technica]]~~
−	~~\|date={{date\|February 25, 2007\|dmy}}~~
−	~~\|accessdate={{date\|2007-03-25\|dmy}} }}</ref>~~

	===Organization===		===Organization===

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−	~~===Namespaces and internationalization===~~
−	Early in Wikipedia's development, it began to expand internationally, with the creation of new namespaces, each with a distinct set of usernames. The first domain created for a non-English Wikipedia was ''[[German Wikipedia\|deutsche.wikipedia.com]]'' (created on {{date\|16 March 2001\|ldmy}}, 01:38 UTC),<ref>[http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html Alternative language wikipedias]</ref> followed after a few hours by ''[[Catalan Wikipedia\|Catalan.wikipedia.com]]'' (at 13:07 UTC).<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage History of the Catalan Homepage]</ref> The Japanese Wikipedia, started as [[Japanese Wikipedia\|nihongo.wikipedia.com]], was created around that period,<ref>[[Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine\|The Wayback Machine]]: An early [http://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 Japanese Wikipedia HomePage] (revision #3), dated {{date\|2001-03-20\|dmy}} 23:00. Accessed {{date\|2008-11-04\|dmy}}.</ref><ref>An [[Internet Archive]]'s snapshot of English Wikipedia [http://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/ HomePage], dated {{date\|2001-03-30\|dmy}}, showing links to the three first sister projects, "Deutsch (German)", "Catalan", and "Nihongo (Japanese)".</ref> and initially used only [[Romanization of Japanese\|Romanized]] Japanese. For about two months Catalan was the one with the most articles in a non-English language,<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_%282001%29 Multilingual monthly statistics]</ref><ref>[http://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1 First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia]</ref> although statistics of that early period are imprecise.<ref>This [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)&oldid=192353617 table], for instance, misses Japanese and German articles such as [http://web.archive.org/web/20010421123743/nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nihongo_no_funimekusu this one] and [http://web.archive.org/web/20010411030440/deutsche.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nupedia_Deutsch-L_Sektion this one,] both dated {{date\|2001-04-06\|dmy}}.</ref> The [[French Wikipedia]] was created on or around {{date\|May 11, 2001\|dmy}},<ref>The [http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Documentation on the French Wikipedia] mentions the date of {{date\|March 23, 2001\|dmy}}, but this date is not supported by Wikipedia snapshots on the [[Internet Archive]], nor by Jason Richney's letter, which was dated {{date\|May 11, 2001\|dmy}} (see below).</ref> in a wave of new language versions that included also [[Chinese Wikipedia\|Chinese]], [[Dutch Wikipedia\|Dutch]], [[Esperanto Wikipedia\|Esperanto]], [[Hebrew Wikipedia\|Hebrew]], [[Italian Wikipedia\|Italian]], <!--[[Japanese Wikipedia\|Japanese]], commenting out: although Japanese Wikipedia was announced together with the others on that email, it already existed under the domain nihongo.wikipedia.com-->[[Portuguese Wikipedia\|Portuguese]], [[Russian Wikipedia\|Russian]], [[Spanish Wikipedia\|Spanish]], and [[Swedish Wikipedia\|Swedish]].<ref>[http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html Letter of Jason Richey to wikipedia-l mailing list] {{date\|11 May 2001\|dmy}}</ref> These languages were soon joined by [[Arabic Wikipedia\|Arabic]]<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage HomePage from the Internet Archive]</ref> and [[Hungarian Wikipedia\|Hungarian]].<ref>[http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Announcements_2001#May_2001 Wikipedia:Announcements] May 2001</ref><ref>[http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history International_Wikipedia]</ref> In September 2001, an announcement pledged commitment to the multilingual provision of Wikipedia,<ref>[[Wikipedia:Announcements 2001#September 2001\|Wikipedia: Announcements 2001]]</ref> notifying users of an upcoming roll-out of Wikipedias for all major languages, the establishment of core standards, and a push for the translation of core pages for the new wikis. At the end of that year, when international statistics first began to be logged, [[Afrikaans Wikipedia\|Afrikaans]], [[Norwegian Wikipedia\|Norwegian]], and [[Serbian Wikipedia\|Serbian]] versions were announced.<ref>[http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics International wikipedias statistics]</ref>

−	In January 2002, 90% of all Wikipedia articles were in English. By January 2004, less than 50% were English, and this internationalization has continued to increase. As of 2007, around 75% of all Wikipedia articles are contained within non-English Wikipedia versions.

	===Development===		===Development===

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−	~~===Founding of Wikipedia===~~
−	There was considerable resistance on the part of Nupedia's editors and reviewers to the idea of associating Nupedia with a wiki-style website. Sanger suggested giving the new project its own name, ''Wikipedia'', and Wikipedia was soon launched on its own domain, <tt>wikipedia.com</tt>, on {{date\|January 15, 2001\|ldmy}}.

−	The [[bandwidth (computing)\|bandwidth]] and [[Server (computing)\|server]] (located in San Diego) used for these projects were donated by Bomis. Many current and past [[Bomis]] employees have contributed some content to the encyclopedia: notably [[Tim Shell]], co-founder and current CEO of Bomis, and programmer Jason Richey.
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−	The first edits ever made on Wikipedia are believed to be test edits by [[Jimmy Wales\|Wales]].{{Fact\|date=April 2007}} However, the oldest article still preserved is the article [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:UuU&oldid=291430 UuU], created on {{date\|16 January 2001\|ldmy}}, at 21:08 UTC.<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia's_oldest_articles Wikipedia:Wikipedia's oldest articles]", Wikipedia. Retrieved on {{date\|2007-01-30\|dmy}}.</ref> [[Image:UuU.png\|thumb\|right\|The '''UuU''' edit, the first edit that is still preserved on Wikipedia to this day, as it appears using the ''Nostalgia'' skin.]]
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−	The project received many new participants after being mentioned three times on the [[Slashdot]] website,{{Fact\|date=August 2008}} with two minor mentions in March 2001.<ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99 Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer] {{date\|March 5, 2001\|dmy}}</ref><ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95 Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes] {{date\|March 29, 2001\|dmy}}</ref> It then received a prominent pointer to a story on the community-edited technologies and culture website [[Kuro5hin]] on {{date\|July 25\|dmy}}.<ref>[http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias] {{date\|July 25 2001\|dmy}}</ref> Between these relatively rapid influxes of traffic, there had been a steady stream of traffic from other sources, especially [[Google]], which alone sent hundreds of new visitors to the site every day. Its first major [[mainstream media]] coverage was in the ''[[New York Times]]'' on {{date\|September 20, 2001\|dmy}}.<ref>"[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800E5D6123BF933A1575AC0A9679C8B63 Fact driven? Collegial? This site wants you]", ''New York Times'', {{date\|September 20, 2001\|dmy}}</ref>
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−	The project passed 1,000 articles around {{date\|February 12, 2001\|ldmy}}, and 10,000 articles around {{date\|September 7\|dmy}}. In the first year of its existence, over 20,000 encyclopedia entries were created—a rate of over 1,500 articles per month. On {{date\|August 30, 2002\|ldmy}}, the article count reached 40,000. The rate of growth has more or less steadily increased since the inception of the project, except for a few software- and hardware-induced slow-downs.{{Dubious\|date=December 2007}}

	===Namespaces and internationalization===		===Namespaces and internationalization===

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 ==History overview==
 ===Founding of Wikipedia===

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 '''Analisi della voce [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Wikipedia&oldid=279002157 History of Wikipedia] presa da en.wiki, 23 marzo 2009, ore 4:00'''
 {{Navigazione|WikiGuide}}
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 ===Formulation of the concept===
 Wikipedia was initially conceived as a feeder project for [[Nupedia]], an earlier (now defunct) project founded by [[Jimmy Wales]] to produce a free encyclopedia.<ref name="thehive">