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2001
15 gennaio 2001 / debutto
Il 15 gennaio, giorno in cui... biblioteca, ansa, sojuz 5,... nel 2001, Wikipedia va online.
La pagina è molto scarna e annuncia l'intenzione di scrivere un'intera enciclopedia partendo da zero, in modo collaborativo!
Wales, Sanger e Nupedia
Gli autori di questo progetto sono it:Jimmy Wales e it:Larry Sanger.
Wales
Sanger
- Sanger è dottore in epistemologia<ref name=TheHive/>
Nupedia
I due insieme avevano un anno prima avviato un'altro progetto di enciclopedia, it:Nupedia, basato però su...
marzo 2001
Wikipedia era stata pensata come spalla per Nupedia, ma non bisogna aspettare molto per capire che è Wikipedia ad attirare l'attenzione. Dopo meno di un mese le pagine create dagli utenti sono più di 1.000 e il 30 marzo, dopo soli due mesi e mezzo, sono state raccolte già 3'000 pagine, spalmate in numerose categorie.
maggio 2001 / Internazionalizzazione
A tre mesi (14 maggio) dal lancio le pagine sono diventate 6.000.
Intanto vengono aperti i portali in 13 lingue a cui presto si aggiungeranno anche arabo e ungherese.
QUESTIONE LINGUE: Non per nazione ma per lingua!!
agosto 2001 / Kuro5hin
Arriviamo all'estate ed ecco i primi articoli online che parlano della nuova promettente enciclopedia:
Settembre 2001
11 settembre 2001
- September 11 - a 12-hour marathon by The Cunctator and other Wikipedians results in the Sept. 11 page collection. Information is entered almost in real-time from new reports.
Settembre 2001 / cos'è un'enciclopedia?
A fine estate le pagine sono oltre 12.000 e i visitatori unici connessi in un solo giorno sono più di 8'000. Ma visto le prime controversie (cit), non si può non affrontare la questione: Wikipedia vuole essere un'enciclopedia: ma che cosa è un'enciclopedia? what sort of knowledge is included in an encyclopedia?
"Wikipedia è un'enciclopedia che comprende gli elementi tipici delle enciclopedie "generiche", delle enciclopedie "specialistiche" e degli almanacchi. Wikipedia non è una raccolta indiscriminata di informazioni. Quindi non è una fonte primaria ma piuttosto uno strumento di divulgazione secondaria; non è un dizionario né un palco per comizi, né un giornale; non è neanche un luogo dove fare autopromozione, o un banco di prova per l'anarchia o la democrazia; non è neppure una web directory né un posto dove inserire le proprie opinioni, esperienze o argomentazioni; tutti i contributori devono sforzarsi di seguire le politiche comunitariamente basate sulla verificabilità e sul divieto di ricerche originali."
NPOV
- "There is one important result, however, of the fact that general encyclopedias codify "human knowledge": it is that it is appropriate that general encyclopedias be written from a neutral point of view. Where one controversial view is presented as fact, or is asserted as being probably true when a substantial number of experts or concerned parties would disagree with that, the reader of the encyclopedia is given a skewed view about what "human knowledge" of the topic consists of. To be given a really accurate view of "how the experts think" about a topic, it is important to represent, fairly, all the views of the experts, whoever they might be."
- "I guess I agree that, to qualify as such, this knowledge has to have some sort of warrant, in the sense that indeed there are certain criteria a bit of information would have to meet to constitute "human knowledge" or "expert knowledge."
Articolo su NYT
Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You - articolo sul NYT
October 2001
- Wikipedia has ~13,000 articles
- The Cunctator:
Novembre 2001
importante la lotta interna che si crea
2002
January 2002: MediaWiki
- January 25 - Phase II MediaWiki software
Summer 2002: Phase III software
26 febbraio 2002
Possibile flash-forward
1 marzo 2002 / Larry's resignation
(Testo originale) | (Traduzione) | |||
«The main figure of the early history of wikipedia was Larry Sanger. He was the Editor-in-Chief of Nupedia, and self-titled "Main Instigator" of Wikipedia. During the first months, the number of contributors made it possible to resolve all matters by consensus, and Larry's role was mainly to craft guidelines, and write columns about different aspects of Wikipedia. These guidelines form the backbone of what Wikipedia is today, and without Larry its shape would probably be different (and without a paid "instigator" it would have take much more time to take off). Larry Sanger's contribution to Wikipedia in the early days was invaluable. His own work and editing of articles added by others, his guidance and steering of Wikipedia meant quite a lot then. However, his strong opinions and authoritarian style caused conflicts with several Wikipedians. Today we might say he wasn't prepared to be a mediator, maybe a fierce arbitrator.
As time went by, however, some discussions were dragging along without solution: Larry began to make use of his implicit authority, and finally acknowledge that authority. Several recurrent disputes arose, the most bitter of them with The Cunctator, who saw in almost every action of Larry's an abuse of power that did not belong in Wikipedia, and took actions that Larry (justly in many minds) considered harassing. Though Cunc's views were considered extreme by most of the contributors, that didn't tone down the discussion. Some Meta-Wikipedia articles dating from this period (some by Sanger, some by his detractors) are at History of Wikipedia/Articles by and about Larry Sanger.»
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{{#if:Meta, History of Wikipedia<ref>http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia#Expansion_.282001_-_2002.29 Meta, History of Wikipedia</ref>| (Meta, History of Wikipedia<ref>http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia#Expansion_.282001_-_2002.29 Meta, History of Wikipedia</ref>) }}
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«The main figure of the early history of wikipedia was Larry Sanger. He was the Editor-in-Chief of Nupedia, and self-titled "Main Instigator" of Wikipedia. During the first months, the number of contributors made it possible to resolve all matters by consensus, and Larry's role was mainly to craft guidelines, and write columns about different aspects of Wikipedia. These guidelines form the backbone of what Wikipedia is today, and without Larry its shape would probably be different (and without a paid "instigator" it would have take much more time to take off). Larry Sanger's contribution to Wikipedia in the early days was invaluable. His own work and editing of articles added by others, his guidance and steering of Wikipedia meant quite a lot then. However, his strong opinions and authoritarian style caused conflicts with several Wikipedians. Today we might say he wasn't prepared to be a mediator, maybe a fierce arbitrator.
As time went by, however, some discussions were dragging along without solution: Larry began to make use of his implicit authority, and finally acknowledge that authority. Several recurrent disputes arose, the most bitter of them with The Cunctator, who saw in almost every action of Larry's an abuse of power that did not belong in Wikipedia, and took actions that Larry (justly in many minds) considered harassing. Though Cunc's views were considered extreme by most of the contributors, that didn't tone down the discussion. Some Meta-Wikipedia articles dating from this period (some by Sanger, some by his detractors) are at History of Wikipedia/Articles by and about Larry Sanger.»
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{{#if:Meta, History of Wikipedia<ref>http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia#Expansion_.282001_-_2002.29 Meta, History of Wikipedia</ref>| (Meta, History of Wikipedia<ref>http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia#Expansion_.282001_-_2002.29 Meta, History of Wikipedia</ref>) }}
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- http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Larry_Sanger
- http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/My_resignation--Larry_Sanger
Controversy
Political controversy became a major focus of editorial policy in mid-2002 - Larry Sanger returned after his resignation to wade in to the following:
In March 2002, the user "24" (named after his internet address) began to make a large number of controversial edits. Discussions about these edits became heated, and many people felt that 24, while knowledgable about various topics, was unable to work well with others. After posting what was perceived as a threat against Larry Sanger, Jimbo Wales banned his IP from the site for two days in April 2002 after lengthy debate on the mailing list. Many of his contributions remain in the encyclopedia.
"H.J." was banned from Wikipedia in September 2002. See [1] for details.
August 2002
Shortly after Jimbo Wales announced that he would never run commercial en:advertisements on Wikipedia, the en:URL of Wikipedia was changed from wikipedia.com to wikipedia.org.
November 2002
Sanger [proposes] and Wales [concedes] to nonnegotiable policies
dicembre 2002
December 12: Wiktionary, the parallel lexical project to Wikipedia is launched. Wikipedians telling people that "Wikipedia is not a dictionary" now point people to the sister project.
2003
gennaio 2003
January 15 - second anniversary. Shortly thereafter, 100,000 article mark is passed (an article is defined as a file with a comma in it, ruling out redirects or simple lists). 1,000,000 page views (page views per month? or since a particular date?) also passed about this time.
febbraio 2003
February 1 - coverage of Space Shuttle Columbia disaster appears in more or less real time, much like the 9/11 editing flood, with facts entered from the news. Background articles on space exploration, national space programs and the like appear. Suggestion that Wikews (Wiki news) might be viable project.
agganciare qui wikinews e parlare di "recentismo"?
June 2003
Consensus begins to develop on how to deal with claims and thinking regarding Wikipedia itself in the text of the Wikipedia. Main issue: how each language version can develop on its own and collaborate on meta, and remain coordinated.
occasione per parlare dell'autocoscienza di sé?
Da Wikipedia e Nupedia fu creata, il 20 giugno 2003, la Wikimedia Foundation. Wikipedia e i progetti fratelli da allora operarono sostenuti da questa organizzazione non profit.
Wikiquote, una raccolta di citazioni (una settimana dopo il lancio di Wikimedia);
July 2003
On July 15, Andrew Lih ("Fuzheado") set 80 Hong Kong University students loose on Wikipedia, with an assignment to write articles on Hong Kong related topics. The students were well received, and quickly found their work being edited and discussed by regular Wikipedians. On August 4, CNN aired a report on the experiment, on their TechWatch segment.
interessante esperimento... da riproporre?
Wikibooks, una raccolta di manualistica libera da copyright e riportata sul web in modo collaborativo (il mese successivo al lancio di Wikimedia). luglio?!
September 2003
Nupedia goes off-line (server crash) never to return
October/November 2003
In an attempt to take some of the pressure off "benevolent dictator" Jimbo Wales's shoulders, as well as reduce the number of Wikipedia's single points of failure and make Wikipedia more democratic, two committees, the Mediation committee and Arbitration committee are set up. Members of the mediation committee are tasked with helping users find amicable solutions to arising problems. The arbitration committee is equipped with more powers and can make binding decisions, such as to ban users.
October 12 - The English Wikipedia switched to the Nohat logo (Logo history)
October 28 - The first time a "real" meeting of Wikipedians happened in Munich. Since then in a lot of cities worldwide regular meetings of fellow Wikipedians are being held.
Late 2003: The non-english Wikipedias are collectively bigger than the English Wikipedia for the first time. The All-Wikipedia total of 350,000 articles is reached before the English Wikipedia total gains the 175,000 mark.
- Christmas 2003
- A major computer crash takes wikipedia offline for a week and prompts Jimbo Wales to launch a fund-raising drive. In less than a week more than $30,000 is raised, thanks partly to another healthy dose of publicity on Slashdot. The money allows nine new computers to be purchased. These are brought online during January 2004, and as a result the location of the Wikimedia computers moves from San Diego to Florida, within an hour of Jimbo's home, allowing a better emergency response in the future. The editing and viewing experience is dramatically improved. (Full explanation of new server set-up at Wikimedia servers).
2004
Gennaio 2004
English Wikipedia hits 200,000 articles, just over a year after hitting 100,000. A further slashdotting occurs, but Wikipedia rides the extra traffic with barely a hint of a slow down. See Milestones.
Febbraio 2004
February 2004
500,000 articles across all Wikipedias is reached. Non-English Wikipedias are now growing much more rapidly than English. A world-wide press release is released on February 25 2004 to announce this fact. The response is particularly good in Germany, with features in a major newspaper and TV news programme.
On February 26 2004 Jimbo Wales announces on the mailing list ([2]) that he has been approached by a major publisher to create a cut-down print edition of the English Wikipedia. Technical possibilities and difficulties abound. The target date for publication is October 2004.
April 2004
The English Wikipedia reaches a quarter of a million articles.
maggio 2004
- May 4, 2004
- Wikipedia wins a Prix Ars Electronica in the category Digital Communities.
- May 12, 2004
- Wikipedia wins a Webby Award in the category Community.
2005
gennaio 2005
- The Wikipedia website www.wikipedia.org domain changed from a redirect to the English Wikipedia into a portal showing all Wikipedia languages having over 100 articles
February 2005
The English Wikipedia main page locked down after major vandalism
March 2005
English Wikipedia: half-million English articles
April 2005
Wikimedia Foundation tax-exempt charitable organization in the United States
May 2005
- German publishing company Directmedia Publishing donated digital images of some 10,000 works of art to the Wikimedia Commons
September 2005
Wikimedia adds second full-time employee
November 2005
800,000th article created Wikipedia breaks Alexa Top 40
December 2005
- USA Today published a column by its former editorial page editor, John Seigenthaler Sr., who told of finding his own false biography
2006
Jimbo Wales afferma sinteticamente che Wikipedia ha raggiunto il volume sufficiente di voci e di spessore e chiede forse un accento sulla qualità e sui mezzi.
- March 1, 2006 English Wikipedia Publishes Millionth Article
- December 2006, 1.5 Million English articles, 4 million total articles
- September 9, 2007 - 2 million articles written in English.
- Nella Wikipedia in lingua inglese nasce un caso, subito analizzato dai mass-media, circa le dimissioni di un amministratore. L'avvenimento generò un'ampia controversia sull'affidabilità dell'enciclopedia e dei suoi utenti.
settembre 2006
articolo di The Atlantic<ref name=TheHive>http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/</ref> "L'alveare" + "A Closer Look at the Neutral Point of View (NPOV) + Common Knowledge (agosto 2006)
- ARTICOLO MOLTO VALIDO!
- Articolo lungo 6 pagine: nelle prime due si parla di Wales e Sanger, ricostruendo il loro passato pre WP.
2007
2008
A gennaio, il Guinness dei primati inserisce Wikipedia come enciclopedia più grande del mondo.
Il 27 marzo Wikipedia con la voce hu:Nicholas Hilliard raggiunge il traguardo dei 10 milioni di voci (considerando tutte le sue oltre 250 edizioni in lingue diverse). Il 3 ottobre Wikipedia in italiano raggiunge 500000 voci.
Altro
SELF REFERENCE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Self-references
RICHARD STALLMAN?? GNU FDL??
Esempi / Qualità dei primi articoli (per vedere anche la forma) Brilliant prose (versione dell'11 dicembre 2001)
BRILLIANT PROSE
Wikinews
In November 2004, a demonstration wiki was established to show how such a collaborative news site might work. Template:As of, the site was moved out of the "demo" stage and into the beta stage. A German language edition was launched at the same time. Soon editions in Italian, Dutch, French, Spanish, Swedish, Bulgarian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Japanese, Russian, Hebrew, Arabic, Thai, Norwegian, and Chinese (in that chronological order) were set up.
approfittare per parlare di "recentismo".
Wikisource
perché nasce?
flaming
spiegare il termine da qualche parte.
Local Chapters
A partire dal 2004 iniziò a costituirsi una rete di organismi su base nazionale collegati alla Wikimedia Foundation; i primi furono Wikimedia Deutschland (13 giugno 2004), Wikimedia France (23 ottobre 2004) e Wikimedia Italia (17 giugno 2005).
COMMONS
TEX???
Blocco di Wikipedia
In Cina
Wikipedia è stata bloccata dalla Repubblica Popolare Cinese più volte. I blocchi più importanti sono stati effettuati:
- nel giugno 2004: l'accesso agli utenti cinesi di Wikipedia residenti a Pechino è bloccato per il quindicesimo anniversario della manifestazione di piazza Tiananmen. Il blocco è durato un giorno esatto;
- nel settembre 2004: blocco per qualche giorno nella Cina continentale a causa dell'isolamento geografico della regione.
- nell'ottobre 2005, fino all'ottobre 2006, alcuni utenti possono effettuare l'accesso a Wikipedia in cinese, mentre en.wikipedia è bloccata. Vi sono periodi di ripresa e poi di nuovo di blocco.
In Iran
L'accesso alla Wikipedia persiana è stato bloccato dal governo per due o tre giorni nel 2005 a causa di voci diffamatorie nei confronti dello stato.
In Tunisia
Wikipedia e tutti i siti della Wikimedia foundation sono stati bloccati in Tunisia il 23 e il 27 novembre 2006, per cause ancora da chiarire ma c'è il sospetto di scarsa libertà mediatica.
Finanziamenti e donazioni
- La prima raccolta di fondi si è svolta dal 18 febbraio 2005 al 1° marzo 2005, raccolta di 94000 dollari, 21000 dollari in più rispetto alle aspettative. <ref>Fund drives 2005 Q1, Wikimedia foundation</ref>
- Il 6 gennaio 2006, un'altra grande donazione e finanziamento da parte di piccole imprese è conclusa, sollevando un totale di poco più di 390000 dollari.
- Nel giugno 2007 è stato annunciato che la Wikipedia in lingua tedesca riceverà finanziamenti statali.<ref>{{#if:
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